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Purpose: Anemia is common in adolescent girls. Apprehension while drawing blood to estimate hemoglobin concentration is a barrier for confirming anemia. ToucHb, a noninvasive instrument that estimates the hemoglobin by taking an image of the exposed conjunctiva, was used during eye screening to help diagnose and treat anemia. Methods: ToucHb was used during secondary school eye screening and during house?to?house eye screening to estimate the hemoglobin concentration in the body. Each of the girls was distributed a packet of 60 tablets of ferrous and folate and a tablet of albendazole. They were followed up after 3 months. Results: Exactly 1511 municipal school girls aged 10?19 years (mean 12.9; standard deviation [SD] 1.64) were examined. Of them, 949 (62.8%) had hemoglobin of ?9 mg%. Among those girls with hemoglobin ?9 mg%, the mean (SD) during the initial and follow?up examinations was 6.1 (1.4) and 9.6 (1.03), respectively, by paired t?test (P < 0.001). Another 588 girls (average age 14.4 years, SD 1.2) had their eyes examined and hemoglobin estimated during a house?to?house eye screening. Of them, 116 (19.7%) had hemoglobin level of ?9 mg%. Their pre?Hb was 7.9 (SD 1.05) on average and after 3 months, it was 9.6 (SD 1.02). Among those girls with hemoglobin ?9 mg%, the mean (SD) during the initial and follow?up examinations was 6.2 (1.4) and 7.9 (1.1), respectively, by paired t?test (P < 0.001). Conclusion: ToucHb was useful to diagnose anemia while doing eye screening and to ensure its treatment. Anemia diagnosis and management would enhance the health of adolescent girls.
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Purpose: To study the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viral seropositive among the patients posted for cataract surgery at a tertiary care center in north India. Methods: It was a cross?sectional study done for 30 months duration. All the patients posted for cataract surgery underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation followed by routine hematological workup, including viral markers for HIV, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti?HCV. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 20). Results: A total of 7,316 individuals underwent cataract surgery from Jan 2016 to August 2018, 4,073/7,316 (55.7%) were males. The prevalence for HIV was 58/7,316 (0.8%), HBsAg was 151/7,316 (2.1%), and HCV was 11/7,316 (0.1%); 28/58 (48.3%) HIV positives were unaware of their seropositivity till testing, as were 37/151 (24.5%) of HBsAg positives, and 4/11 (36.4%) HCV positives. There was a significant relationship between the mean age in the patients with HIV (P = 0.002) and anti?HCV (P = 0.045). A majority of the seropositive patients were found to be illiterate (45.6%), followed by educated up to high school level (29.1%), and graduate (25.0%). Conclusion: Viral seropositivity was significant among the patients posted for cataract surgery. The eye care providers could refer these patients for counseling and further management for the patient’s and their caretaker’s benefit
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Introduction:Lymph nodes are the most widely distributed and easily accessible component of lymphoid tissue. Alarge spectrum of diseases including reactive processes,infections, lymphomas and metastatic tumors can cause lymphdeopathy. FNAC is used as a triage to distinguish between cases of lymphadenopathy with high or low level of level suspicion of significant disease and thus an immediate decision can be made wheather to simply observe the node,to recommend a course of antibiotics,or to refer the patient to a specialist for further investigation.Objective: The present study has been undertaken to study the different cytomorphological patterns associated with various lymphadenopathies and the role of FNAC in detecting lymph node lesions. Materials and Methods:Aretrospective study of 117 cases of lymphadenopathy was carried out in the department of pathology. FNAC smears were carefully studied and categorized into non neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.Result:Our of 117 cases,98 cases(83.76%)were non-neoplastic and 12 cases(10.25%) were neoplastic. 7(5.98%) were inconclusive for opinion.Out of the non neoplastic lesions, reactive lymphadenitis was the most common diagnosis(56/98,57.14%).Among the neoplastic lesions, metastatis was the most common diagnosis (9/12,75%).Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy was 83.33%,100% and 83.33% respectively.Conclusion:Fine needle aspiration cytology plays a important role in the diagnosis and management of the various lymphadenopathies
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Background :Cytological analyses of body effusions plays an important role in the diagnosis of various lesions. Material & Methods : A retrospective study for one year duration from Jan 2016 to Dec 2016 was undertaken in the Department of Pathology. It includes all samples of pleural, ascitic & pericardial fluid received in cytology section. Results : Cytological analysis was done on all 284 cases of effusion fluids. Pleural fluid was the most common type of fluid received followed by ascitic & pericardial fluids. Maximum number of cases were transudates in nature. 257 cases were non neoplastic & 27 were neoplastic. Adenocarcinoma was the most common morphological pattern. Conclusion : Cytological study of body fluids is an inexpensive & simple procedure, useful in studying the etiology, course of disease and also to monitor the response to the therapy